Implant-supported denture types: fixed or removable?

When a tooth is missing, the implant acts as an artificial root placed in the bone; the prosthesis on top is the part you see in the mouth that takes on the chewing function. Depending on how many teeth are missing, the state of the jawbone and the patient's expectations, different types of prosthesis can be placed on implants. These fall into two main groups: fixed and removable.

Fixed implant-supported prostheses

Fixed prostheses are screwed or cemented onto the implants and are not taken out by the patient. An implant crown for a single missing tooth, an implant-supported bridge for several missing teeth, and fixed solutions such as All-on-Four for full edentulism all belong to this group. They offer chewing comfort closest to natural teeth and do not cover the palate.

Removable implant-supported prostheses

Removable (overdenture) prostheses attach to a few implants with special connectors and can be taken out by the patient for cleaning. They are far more stable than traditional full dentures, do not shift, and noticeably improve comfort. They are a good option for patients whose bone volume is insufficient for a fixed prosthesis, or who prefer a removable solution for cleaning and maintenance.

Which is preferred in which case?

• One or a few missing teeth → usually fixed (crown/bridge)
• Full edentulism + sufficient bone + a wish for fixed → fixed solutions such as All-on-Four
• Full edentulism + limited bone or a preference for removable → removable implant-supported denture
• Ease of maintenance as a priority → a removable option can be considered

The right prosthesis type is determined by evaluating the number of implants, the bone structure and personal expectations. Consult your prosthodontist for the option best suited to you.